ΟΔΗΓΙΕΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΡΟΝΑΙΟ ΑΠΟ ΚΙΝΑ
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Pneumonitis infected by novel coronavirus
Prevention and Control Knowledge Manual
Emergency General Hospital
January 27, 2020
I. Knowledge of work area protection
1.How to do it on the way to work
Wear disposable medical masks properly. Try not to use public transportation. Walking, cycling, or taking a private car or shuttle to work is recommended. If you must use public transportation, you must wear a mask all the way. Try to avoid touching the contents of the car with your hands during the journey.
2.How to do the entry work
Before entering the office building, consciously take a temperature test. If the body temperature is normal, you can enter the building and wash your hands in the bathroom. If the body temperature exceeds 37.2 ℃, please do not go into the building to work, go home and observe the rest, if necessary, go to the hospital for treatment.
3, how to do the office
Keep the office area clean. It is recommended to ventilate 3 times a day for 20-30 minutes each time. Keep warm when ventilating. Keep a distance of more than 1 meter from person to person, and wear a mask when multiple people work. Wash your hands frequently and drink plenty of water, and insist on washing your hands strictly according to the six-step method before eating and after going to the toilet. Receiving outsiders wear masks.
4. How to participate in the meeting
It is recommended to wear a mask and wash your hands before entering the meeting room. The meeting staff should be more than 1 meter apart. Reduce centralized meetings and control meeting time. When the meeting time is too long, open the window and ventilate once. The venue and furniture must be disinfected after the meeting. Tea supplies are recommended to be immersed in water for disinfection.
5.How to make meals in the cafeteria
Use divided meals to avoid crowded people. The restaurant is disinfected once a day, and the tables and chairs are disinfected after use. Cutlery must be sterilized at high temperature. The operation room should be kept clean and dry. It is strictly forbidden to mix raw food and cooked food, and avoid raw meat. Suggest a nutritious meal, light and delicious.
6.How to do it on the way to work
After washing your hands, wear a disposable medical mask to go out. After you return to your home, remove your mask and wash your hands first. Wipe the phone and keys with a sterile wipe or 75% alcohol. Keep the room ventilated and hygienic to avoid crowds.
7, how to do official procurement
You must wear a mask to avoid crowds. Keep in contact with people at a distance of more than 1 meter and avoid staying in public places for long periods.
8.How to do the workplace exercise
Proper and moderate activities are recommended to ensure good health. Avoid excessive and excessive exercise, which will reduce the body's immunity.
9.How to do in public areas
Daily disinfection of public areas such as halls, corridors, conference rooms, elevators, stairs, toilets, etc., using spray disinfection as much as possible. Separate cleaning utensils for each area to avoid mixing.
10.How to do business travel
It is recommended to wipe the interior of the car and the door handle with 75% alcohol once a day. Masks are required to ride the shuttle bus. It is recommended that the shuttle bus and door handles be wiped and disinfected with 75% alcohol after use.
11.How to do logistics
Service personnel, security personnel, and cleaning personnel must wear masks while working, and keep a safe distance from people. Canteen purchasers or suppliers must wear masks and disposable rubber gloves to avoid direct contact with fresh meat and poultry materials. Wash hands and disinfect them immediately after removing gloves. Cleaning staff must wear disposable rubber gloves when working, and wash their hands after disinfection. Security personnel must wear masks to work, and carefully inquire and register the status of outsiders, and report any abnormalities in a timely manner.
12, how to do official visits
Wear a mask. Before entering the office building, first take a temperature test and introduce the history of contact in Hubei and the symptoms of fever, cough, and poor breathing. Without the above conditions, and the body temperature is under the normal conditions of 37.2 °, you can enter the building for business.
13.How to circulate documents
Wash your hands before and after transferring paper documents, and wear a face mask when transferring documents.
14.How to do phone disinfection
It is recommended that the landline phone be wiped twice a day with 75% alcohol, and can be increased to four times if used frequently.
15, how to do air-conditioning disinfection
(1) When the fan coil unit of the central air-conditioning system is in normal use, the air supply and return air outlets are regularly disinfected.
(2) When the central air-conditioning fresh air system is in normal use, if an epidemic situation occurs, do not stop the fan operation. After the personnel has evacuated, the exhaust branch pipe should be closed. After a period of operation, the fresh air exhaust system should be shut down and disinfected.
(3) The full air system with return air should be completely closed to ensure the system's fresh air operation.
16.How to deal with waste masks
During epidemic prevention, hand hygiene should be done before and after removing masks. Discard masks should be placed in trash cans, and the trash can should be disinfected with 75% alcohol or chlorine-containing disinfectant twice a day.
Personal protection knowledge
(1) Washing articles
1. How to protect yourself from the pneumonia infection of the new coronavirus?
(1) Wash your hands frequently. Use soap or hand sanitizer and wash your hands with running water. Wipe your hands with disposable paper towels or clean towels. Wash hands immediately after touching respiratory secretions (such as after sneezing).
(2) Maintain good respiratory hygiene habits. When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue, towel, etc. Wash your hands after coughing or sneezing, and avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with your hands.
(3) Enhance physical fitness and immunity. Eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and work and rest to avoid excessive fatigue.
(4) Keep the environment clean and ventilated. Open the window several times a day for no less than 3 times, each time 20-30 minutes. When the outdoor air quality is poor, the frequency and time of ventilation should be appropriately reduced.
(5) Minimize activities in crowded places and avoid contact with patients with respiratory infections.
(6) If symptoms of respiratory tract infection such as cough, runny nose, fever, etc. occur, you should take a rest at home in isolation. Seek medical attention as soon as the fever persists or the symptoms worsen.
2. What is the role of hand washing in preventing respiratory-borne diseases?
Proper hand washing is one of the most effective measures to prevent diarrhea and respiratory infections. Authorities such as the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the WHO, and the CDC in the United States all recommend washing hands thoroughly with soap and water (running water).
3. To properly wash your hands, you need to master six-step washing methods:
The first step is to rub the palms of the hands together (fold your hands together and rub five times)
The second step is to scrub your fingers with your hands crossed.
The third step is to rub the palms of your hands against the palms of your hands.
Step four, scrub your palms with your fingertips, the left and right hands are the same (put your fingertips in your palms and rub each other five times)
Step 5: Hold the thumb of the other hand and scrub, rub the left and right hands five times.
Step 6: Bend your fingers so that the joint rotates and rubs in the palm of the other hand.
4. When do I need to wash my hands?
(1) Before and after passing the file
(2) After coughing or sneezing
(3) Before, during and after preparing food
(4) Before eating
(5) After going to the toilet
(6) When hands are dirty
(7) After contacting others
(8) After contact with animals
(9) After going out
5. What to do if I do n’t have clean water when traveling and it is not convenient to wash my hands?
You can use alcohol-based disinfection products to clean your hands. Human coronavirus is not resistant to acids and alkalis, and is sensitive to organic solvents and disinfectants. 75% alcohol inactivates the virus, so a certain concentration of alcohol-containing disinfection products can be used as an alternative to washing hands with soap and running water.
(Two) masks
1. How to choose a mask?
Option 1: Disposable medical masks, replace them for 4 hours continuously, and replace them immediately after pollution or humidity;
Option two: N95 medical protective mask, worn for 4 hours, and replaced immediately after contamination or moisture.
Cotton masks and sponge masks are not recommended.
2.Use masks properly
How to use medical masks:
(1) The mask is dark in color on the front side, and the front side should be outward, and there is a metal clip on the nosepiece on the medical mask.
(2) The face facing the face should be the opposite side of the medical mask, that is, the side with a lighter color. In addition, pay attention to the part with the metal strip above the mask, and don't wear it upside down.
(3) After distinguishing the front, back, upper, and lower ends of the mask, wash your hands first to determine whether the mask is correct, and then hang the rope on the ears at both ends.
(4) The last step is also the metal strip problem mentioned earlier. After wearing the mask, you need to press the metal strips on both sides of the bridge of the nose with both hands to make the upper end of the mask close to the bridge of the nose, and then stretch the mask downward to make the mask. There are no wrinkles, and it is best to cover the nose and mouth.
3. How do special people wear masks?
(1) Pregnant women wearing protective masks should pay attention to their own conditions and choose products with good comfort.
(2) The elderly and patients with chronic diseases of the heart and lung may cause discomfort after wearing, and even worsen the original condition. Professional guidance from a doctor should be sought.
(3) The child is in the stage of growth and development, and his face is small, so choose a child-proof mask.
Third, home protection knowledge
1. How to prevent pneumonia infection of new coronavirus at home?
(1) Strengthening health awareness, proper exercise, ensuring sleep, and not staying up late can improve self-immunity;
(2) Maintain good personal hygiene. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. Wash your hands often and never touch your eyes, nose, or mouth with dirty hands.
(3) The room should be ventilated and kept clean and tidy;
(4) Try to avoid close contact with people who have symptoms of respiratory diseases (such as fever, cough or sneezing);
(5) Try to avoid crowded and confined places, if necessary, wear a mask;
(6) Avoid contact with wild animals and poultry and livestock;
(7) Adhere to safe eating habits, eat meat and eggs thoroughly and thoroughly;
(8) Pay close attention to the symptoms of fever, cough, etc., and you must go to the nearest doctor in time for such symptoms.
2. What should we eat when the pneumonia of new coronavirus infection is epidemic?
(1) Don't eat animals and products that are already sick; buy chilled poultry from regular sources, and fully cook poultry and egg milk.
(2) Separate cutting boards and knives for raw and cooked food. Wash hands between raw and cooked food.
(3) Even in epidemic-affected areas, meat can be safely eaten if it is thoroughly cooked and properly handled during food preparation.
3. How can I prevent pneumonia infection of the new coronavirus in public places?
(1) Avoid contact with farm animals or wild animals without protection.
(2) Maintain constant ventilation in the workplace. In places with a lot of people, shopping malls, buses, subways, and airplanes are crowded. Wear masks to reduce the risk of exposure to pathogens.
(3) When coughing or sneezing, cover the nose completely with paper towels or sleeves or elbows; throw the used paper towels into closed bins immediately; after coughing and sneezing, wash with soap and water or alcohol-based hand washing liquid Hands.
(4) Wash your hands promptly after going home. If you have fever and other symptoms of respiratory infections, especially persistent fever, go to the hospital in time.
(5) Various parties should be avoided as far as possible during the epidemic season.
4. How to prevent the pneumonia infection of the new coronavirus when purchasing from the fresh market?
(1) Wash hands with soap and water after touching animals and animal products;
(2) Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth;
(3) Avoid contact with sick animals and diseased meat;
(4) Avoid contact with stray animals and waste water in the market.
5. Home isolation recommendations for mild fever cases:
(1) Place the patient in a well-ventilated single room.
(2) Limit the number of caregivers and try to arrange for a person with good health and no chronic diseases to care. Refuse all visits.
(3) Family members should live in different rooms. If conditions do not permit, keep a distance of at least 1 meter from the patient.
(4) Limit patient activities and minimize patient and family member activity sharing areas. Make sure the shared area (kitchen, bathroom, etc.) is well ventilated (windows open).
(5) The nursing staff and the patient should wear a mask in the same room. The mask should be close to the face. Do not touch or adjust the mask during wearing. Masks must be replaced immediately due to wet and dirty secretions. After removing and discarding the mask, wash your hands.
(6) After having any direct contact with the patient or entering the patient's isolation space, clean your hands.
4. Pneumonia knowledge of new coronavirus infection
1. What is a new coronavirus?
Coronavirus isolated from the lower respiratory tract of patients with unexplained pneumonia in Wuhan is a new type of coronavirus, named by WHO as 2019-nCoV.
2. Who is susceptible to the new coronavirus?
The crowd is generally susceptible. New coronavirus-infected pneumonia can occur in people with low immune function and normal immune function, and it is related to the amount of virus exposure. For people with poor immune function, such as the elderly, pregnant women or patients with liver and kidney dysfunction, and those with chronic diseases, the condition is more severe after infection.
3. What are the transmission routes of the new coronavirus?
The main transmission methods are droplet transmission, contact transmission (including self-vaccination caused by hand contamination), and short-range transmission of respiratory aerosols of different sizes. At present, short-distance droplet transmission should be the main route.
4. Will the new coronavirus be transmitted from person to person?
meeting. Judging from the incidence-related order of some clustered cases, the characteristics of human-to-human transmission are obvious, and there is a certain range of community transmission.
5. What is droplet transmission?
Droplets: Generally considered as water-containing particles with a diameter of> 5um, the drops can enter the susceptible mucosal surface through a certain distance (generally 1 meter).
Generation of droplets:
(1) Cough, sneeze or talk
(2) Carry out invasive respiratory tract operations, such as sputum suction or tracheal intubation, turning over, back patting and other coughing coughs and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
6. What is contact transmission?
Direct contact: Pathogens are transmitted through direct contact with mucous membranes or skin
(1) Blood or bloody fluid enters the body through mucous membranes or damaged skin
(2) Transmission caused by direct contact with secretions containing a certain pathogen
7. What are close contacts?
Refers to a person who has lived or worked with a confirmed or highly suspected case of the virus within 14 days.
Including office colleagues, colleagues in the same classroom, dormitory, classmates, and passengers on the same plane. And other forms of direct contact include the accompany of virus infected patients, taxis, elevators, etc.
8. Notes for close contacts
All people (including medical staff) who may be in contact with a suspected infection should have a 14-day health observation period. The observation period starts from the last day of contact with the patient. Seek medical attention as soon as you experience any symptoms, especially fever, respiratory symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, or diarrhea!
9. Monitoring recommendations for close contacts
(1) If the contact person has symptoms, inform the hospital in advance and they will go to the hospital.
(2) On the way to the hospital, patients should wear medical masks.
(3) Avoid taking public transportation. Call an ambulance or use a private vehicle to transport patients. If possible, open windows on the road.
(4) Close contacts who are sick should always keep the respiratory tract clean and clean their hands. When standing or sitting on the road and in the hospital, stay as far away as possible from others (at least 1 meter).
(5) The surface of any object contaminated with respiratory secretions or body fluids should be cleaned and disinfected with a disinfectant containing diluted bleach.
10. What are the clinical manifestations of patients with pneumonitis infected by the new coronavirus?
The onset of pneumonia caused by new coronavirus is mainly manifested by fever, which can be combined with symptoms such as mild dry cough, fatigue, poor breathing, diarrhea, and symptoms such as runny nose and sputum are rare. Some patients have mild onset symptoms and no fever. They only show headache, palpitation, chest tightness, conjunctivitis, mild sore limbs or lower back muscles. Some patients experienced dyspnea after one week, and the disease progressed rapidly in severe cases. Most patients have a good prognosis, and a few patients are critically ill and even die.
11.How to identify and observe pneumonia cases of new coronavirus infection clinically
Meet the following 2 conditions at the same time
(1) Epidemiological history: Have a history of travel or residence in Wuhan within two weeks before the onset, or have contacted patients with fever and respiratory symptoms from Wuhan within 14 days before the onset of infection, whether the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in the residential area is cluster Patients in sexual cases, whether they cause infection to others. Direct or indirect contact history of relevant markets in Wuhan, especially farmers' markets.
(2) Clinical manifestations: fever; with imaging characteristics of viral pneumonia; the total number of white blood cells is normal or decreased in the early stage of onset, or the lymphocyte count is decreased.
Based on the observation of the case, pathogenic diagnosis can be made by collecting respiratory tract samples such as sputum and throat swabs for viral nucleic acid detection.
12. Pneumonia prevention and control measures for new coronavirus infection
• standard precautions;
• airborne precautions;
• Contact and droplet prevention measures: Wash your hands frequently and wear a mask when going out;
• Room ventilation;
• Cleaning and disinfection: The new coronavirus is sensitive to heat. Soaking in 56 ℃ hot water for 30 minutes, 75% alcohol, chlorine-containing disinfectant, chloroform and other lipid solvents can effectively inactivate the virus.
V. Medical treatment process
1. When to see a doctor
The main clinical manifestations of patients with pneumonitis infected by new coronavirus are fever and fatigue, dry cough as the main symptoms of respiratory tract, and dyspnea gradually appear. In severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, and metabolic acidosis are difficult to correct. And out of coagulopathy. Some patients have mild onset symptoms without fever. Most patients are mild to moderate with a good prognosis, and a few patients are critically ill and even die. The appearance of fever, fatigue, and dry cough does not mean that you have been infected.
However, if (1) fever (armpit temperature ≥ 37.3 ° C), cough, shortness of breath, and other symptoms of acute respiratory infections; (2) have a history of travel or residence in Wuhan, or had contact with a fever partner from Wuhan within 14 days before the onset of illness Patients with respiratory symptoms may have a small-scale clustered onset; they should be checked, diagnosed and treated at a local designated medical institution.
2. Precautions when visiting a doctor
(1) If the contact person develops symptoms, it is necessary to select a designated hospital with a fever clinic in advance.
(2) Masks should be worn on the way to the hospital and throughout the medical treatment.
(3) Avoid taking public transportation. Call an ambulance or use a private vehicle to transport patients. If possible, open windows on the road.
(4) Close contacts who are sick should always keep the respiratory tract clean and clean their hands. When standing or sitting on the road and in the hospital, stay as far away as possible from others (at least 1 meter).
(5) The surface of any object contaminated with respiratory secretions or body fluids should be cleaned and disinfected with a disinfectant containing diluted bleach.
(6) When going to the doctor, you should truthfully explain the illness and the process, especially the doctor's recent travel and residence history in Wuhan, contact history of pneumonia patients or suspected patients, and animal contact history.
